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general description the max3160/max3161/max3162 are programmable rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers. the max3160/max3161 are pin programmable as a 2tx/2rx rs-232 interface or a single rs-485/422 transceiver. the max3162 is configured as a 2tx/2rx rs-232 interface and a single rs-485/422 transceiver simultaneously. all devices incorporate a proprietary low-dropout trans- mitter output stage and an on-board dual charge pump to allow rs-232 and rs-485/422 compliant perfor- mance from a +3v to +5.5v supply. the receivers feature true fail-safe circuitry that guarantees a logic- high receiver output when the receiver inputs are open or shorted. these devices also feature pin-selectable transmitter slew rates for both rs-232 and rs-485/422 modes. slew-rate limiting minimizes emi and reduces reflections caused by improperly terminated cables, allowing error-free data transmission up to 250kbps. disabling slew-rate limiting allows these devices to transmit at data rates up to 10mbps in rs-485/422 mode and up to 1mbps in rs-232 mode. the max3160/max3161/max3162 feature a 1? shutdown mode, and short-circuit limiting and thermal shutdown circuitry to protect against excessive power dissipation. the max3160/max3162 offer a flow-through pinout that facilitates board layout. the max3160/max3161/ max3162 are available in tiny ssop packages and operate over the commercial and extended tempera- ture ranges. ________________________applications point-of-sales equipment peripherals industrial controls networking rs-232 to rs-485 interface converters features single-supply operation from +3v to +5.5v pin-programmable as 2tx/2rx rs-232 or single rs-485/422 (max3160/max3161) 2tx/2rx rs-232 and single rs-485/422 (max3162) pin-programmable rs-232/rs-485 transmitter slew rates reduce emi 10mbps rs-485 and 1mbps rs-232 data rates pin-programmable half-duplex or full-duplex rs-485/422 operation (max3160/max3161) rs-485/422 true fail-safe receivers transmitters and receivers protected against wiring faults 1a shutdown supply current 1/8-unit load allows up to 256 transceivers on the bus max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to +5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 part temp. range pin-package max3160 cap 0 c to +70 c 20 ssop max3160eap -40 c to +85 c 20 ssop max3161 cag 0 c to +70 c 24 ssop max3161eag -40 c to +85 c 24 ssop max3162 cai 0 c to +70 c 28 ssop max3162eai -40 c to +85 c 28 ssop 19-1722; rev 1; 9/00 ordering information typical operating circuit pin configurations appear at end of data sheet. selector guide appears at end of data sheet. tx v cc di/t1in z(b)/t1out r1out b/r1in gnd fast hdplx shdn y(a)/t2out a/r2in cts 13 10 de/t2in rts 11 15 6 ro/r2out rx 12 8 13 7 14 9 10 12 16 5 11 rj45 db9 shdn p spi max3100 rs485/rs-232 1 max3160 +3v to +5.5v 4 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim/dallas direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com.
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to +5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings electrical characteristics (v cc = +3v to +5.5v, c1?4 = 0.1? when tested at +3.3v ?0%; c1 = 0.047? and c2, c3, c4 = 0.33? when tested at +5v ?0%; t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25?.) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. note 1: v+ and v- can have maximum magnitudes of 7v, but their absolute difference cannot exceed 13v. v cc to gnd. .............................................................-0.3v to +6v v+ to gnd ................................................................-0.3v to +7v v- to gnd....................................................................0.3v to -7v v+ - v- (note 1)....................................................................+13v input voltages t1in, t2in, di, de485, re485 , te232, re232 , shdn , fast, hdplx, rs485/ rs232 to gnd. ...............-0.3v to +6v a, b, r1in, r2in to gnd ...............................................?5v output voltages t1out, t2out, y, z to gnd......................................?3.2v r2out, r1out, ro to gnd................-0.3v to (v cc + 0.3v) output short-circuit duration t1out, t2out, y, z ............................................continuous continuous power dissipation (t a = +70?) 20-pin ssop (derate 9.1w/? above +70?) ............728mw 24-pin ssop (derate 9.5w/? above +70?) ............760mw 28-pin ssop (derate 10.8w/? above +70?) ..........864mw operating temperature ranges max316_ca_ ....................................................0? to +70? max316_ea_ .................................................-40? to +85? storage temperature range .............................-65? to +150? junction temperature ......................................................+150? lead temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300? parameter symbol conditions min typ max units dc characteristics max3160/max3161, no load, rs-485/ rs-232 = gnd 1.2 2.5 max3160/max3161, no load, rs-485/ rs-232 = v cc 2.5 5.5 v cc standby current i cc max3162 no load 3.0 6 ma v cc shutdown current i cc shdn = gnd, receiver inputs open or grounded 110a transmitter and logic inputs (di, t1in, t2in, de485, re485 , te232, re232 , fast, hdplx, shdn, rs-485/ re232 ) logic input low v il 0.8 v v cc = +3.3v 2.0 logic input high v ih v cc = +5v 2.4 v logic input leakage current i inl 0.01 1a transmitter logic hysteresis v hys 0.5 v rs-232 and rs-485/422 receiver outputs (r1out, r2out, ro) receiver output voltage low v ol i out = 2.5ma 0.4 v receiver output voltage high v oh i out = -1.5ma v cc - 0.6 v receiver output short-circuit current i osr 0 < v o < v cc 20 60 ma receiver output leakage current i ozr receivers disabled 0.05 1a
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 electrical characteristics (continued) (v cc = +3v to +5.5v, c1 c4 = 0.1f when tested at +3.3v 10%; c1 = 0.047f and c2, c3, c4 = 0.33f when tested at +5v 10%; t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 c.) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units rs-232 receiver inputs (r1in, r2in) input voltage range -25 25 v v cc = +3.3v 0.6 input threshold low v cc = +5v 0.8 v v cc = +3.3v 2.0 input threshold high v cc = +5v 2.4 v input hysteresis 0.5 v input resistance 357k ? rs-485/422 receiver inputs (note 2) max3160 48 input resistance r in -7v < v cm < +12v max3161/ max3162 96 k ? v cm = +12v 0.25 max3160 v cm = -7v -0.15 v cm = +12v 0.125 input current i in max3161/max3162 v cm = -7v -0.075 ma input differential threshold v th -200 -50 mv input hysteresis ? v th 30 mv rs-232 transmitter outputs (t1out, t2out) output voltage swing both transmitter outputs loaded with 3k ? to gnd 5 5.4 v output resistance v cc = v+ = v- = 0, t_out = +2v 300 10m ? output short-circuit current t_out = gnd 30 60 ma max3160/ max3161 125 output leakage current v out = 9v te232 = gnd or shdn = gnd max3162 25 a rs-485/422 transmitter outputs (y, z) r = 27 ? (rs-485) 1.5 differential output voltage v od figure 1 r = 50 ? (rs-422) 2 v change in magnitude of differential output voltage for complementary output states ? v od r = 27 ? or 50 ? , figure 1 -0.2 0.2 v common-mode output voltage v oc r = 27 ? or 50 ? , figure 1 3 v change in magnitude of common-mode output voltage for complementary output states ? v oc r = 27 ? or 50 ? , figure 1 0.2 v
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to +5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ parameter symbol conditions min typ max units output short-circuit current i sc v y or v z = 12v to -7v 250 ma max3160/ max3161 125 output leakage current i o v y or v z = +12v, de485 = gnd or shdn = gnd max3162 25 a rs-232 timing characteristics (fast = gnd, 250kbps, one transmitter switching) maximum data rate r l = 3k ? , c l = 1000pf 250 kbps receiver propagation delay r_in to r_out, c l = 150pf 0.15 s receiver output enable time 200 ns receiver output disable time 200 ns transmitter skew |t phl - t plh | 100 ns receiver skew |t plh - t phl |50ns c l = 150pf to 1000pf 630 transition-region slew rate v cc = +3.3v, t a = +25 c, r l = 3k ? to 7k ? , measured from +3.0v to -3.0v or -3.0v to +3.0v c l = 150pf to 2500pf 430 v/s rs-232 timing characteristics (fast = v cc , 1mbps, one transmitter switching) v cc = +3v to +4.5v, r l = 3k ? , c l = 250pf 1 maximum data rate v cc = +4.5v to +5.5v, r l = 3k ? , c l = 1000pf 1 mbps receiver propagation delay r_in to r_out, c l = 150pf 0.15 s receiver output enable time 200 ns receiver output disable time 200 ns transmitter skew |t phl - t plh |25ns receiver skew |t plh - t phl |50ns transition-region slew rate v cc = +3.3v, t a = +25 c, r l = 3k ? to 7k ? , c l = 150pf to 1000pf, measured from +3.0v to -3.0v or -3.0v to +3.0v 24 150 v/s rs-485/422 timing characteristics (fast = gnd, 250kbps) driver propagation delay t dphl , t dplh r diff = 54 ? , c l = 50pf, figures 3, 5 200 400 800 ns driver rise and fall time t dr, t df r diff = 54 ? , c l = 50pf, figures 3, 5 200 400 800 ns driver propagation delay skew t dskew r diff = 54 ? , c l = 50pf, figures 3, 5 200 ns driver output enable time t dzh , t dzl r diff = 54 ? , c l = 50pf, figures 4, 6 400 800 ns driver output disable time t dlz , t dhz r diff = 54 ? , c l = 50pf, figures 4, 6 200 400 ns receiver propagation delay t rplh, t rphl c l = 15pf, figures 7, 9 25 80 150 ns receiver propagation delay skew t rskew c l = 50pf, figures 7, 9 10 ns electrical characteristics (continued) (v cc = +3v to +5.5v, c1 c4 = 0.1f when tested at +3.3v 10%; c1 = 0.047f and c2, c3, c4 = 0.33f when tested at +5v 10%; t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 c.)
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 parameter symbol conditions min typ max units receiver output enable time t rzl , t rzh c l = 50pf, figures 2, 8 100 ns receiver output disable time t rlz , t rhz c l = 50pf, figures 2, 8 100 ns rs-485/rs-422 timing characteristics (fast = v cc , 10mbps) driver propagation delay t dphl, t dplh r diff = 54 ? , c l = 50pf, figures 3, 5 60 120 ns driver rise and fall times t dr , t df r diff = 54 ? , c l = 50pf, figures 3, 5 10 25 ns driver propagation delay skew t dskew r diff = 54 ? , c l = 50pf, figures 3, 5 10 ns driver output enable time t dzh ,t dzl r diff = 54 ? , c l = 50pf, figures 4, 6 400 800 ns driver output disable time t dhz ,t dlz r diff = 54 ? , c l = 50pf, figures 4, 6 200 400 ns receiver propagation delay t rplh , t rphl c l = 15pf, figures 7, 9 80 150 ns receiver propagation delay skew t rskew c l = 50pf, figures 7, 9 10 ns receiver output enable time t rzl , t rzh c l = 50pf, figures 2, 8 100 ns receiver output disable time t rlz , t rhz c l = 15pf, figures 2, 8 100 ns electrical characteristics (continued) (v cc = +3v to +5.5v, c1 c4 = 0.1f when tested at +3.3v 10%; c1 = 0.047f and c2, c3, c4 = 0.33f when tested at +5v 10%; t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 c.) typical operating characteristics (v cc = +3.3v, 250kbps data rate, 0.1f capacitors, all rs-232 transmitters (rs-232 mode) loaded with 3k ? to ground, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted.) -10.0 -7.5 -5.0 -2.5 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 rs-232 transmitter output voltage vs. load capacitance (fast = gnd) max3160/2 toc1 load capacitance (pf) transmitter output voltage (v) -10.0 -7.5 -5.0 -2.5 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 rs-232 transmitter output voltage vs. load capacitance (fast = v cc ) max3160/2 toc2 load capacitance (pf) transmitter output voltage (v) 0 4 2 10 8 6 16 14 12 18 0 2000 1000 3000 4000 5000 rs-232 transmitter slew rate vs. load capacitance (fast = gnd) max3160/2 toc3 load capacitance (pf) slew rate (v/ s) note 2: applies to a, b for max3162 and max3160/max3161 with hdplx = gnd, or y, z for max3160/max3161 with hdplx = v cc.
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to +5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 shutdown current vs. temperature max3160/2 toc7 temperature ( c) shutdown current (na) 0 40 20 80 60 120 100 140 046 2 8 10 12 rs-485/422 output current vs. driver output low voltage max3160/2 toc8 output low voltage (v) output current (ma) 0 40 20 100 80 60 160 140 120 180 -7 -3 -5 -1 1 3 5 rs-485/422 output current vs. driver output high voltage max3160/2 toc9 output high voltage (v) output current (ma) 0.001 0.01 1 0.1 10 100 01.01.5 0.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 rs-485/422 driver output current vs. differential output voltage max3160/2 toc10 output voltage (v) output current (ma) 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 -40 10 -15 356085 rs-485/422 driver differential output vs. temperature max3160/2 toc11 temperature ( c) output voltage (v) r = 50 ? 0 10 5 20 15 25 30 01.52.0 0.5 1.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 output current vs. receiver output low voltage max3160/2 toc12 output low voltage (v) output current (ma) typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = +3.3v, 250kbps data rate, 0.1f capacitors, all rs-232 transmitters (rs-232 mode) loaded with 3k ? to ground, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted.) 0 30 20 10 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 500 1000 1500 2000 rs-232 transmitter slew rate vs. load capacitance (fast = v cc ) max3160/2 toc4 load capacitance (pf) slew rate (v/ s) 0 20 10 40 30 50 60 0 2000 1000 3000 4000 5000 operating supply current vs. load capacitance when transmitting data (rs-232 mode) max3160/2 toc5 load capacitance (pf) supply current (ma) 1mbps 250kbps 20kbps 0 1.0 2.0 1.5 2.5 3.0 -40 10 -15 35 60 85 max3160/max3161 no-load supply current vs. temperature max3160/2 toc6 temperature ( c) supply current (ma) rs-485 mode rs-232 mode
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 0 40 20 80 60 100 120 -40 10 -15 356085 rs-485/422 receiver propagation delay vs. temperature max3160/2 toc16 temperature ( c) propagation delay (ns) c l = 50pf rising falling 50 60 55 70 65 80 75 85 -40 10 -15 356085 rs-485/422 driver propagation delay vs.temperature (fast) max3160/2 toc18 temperature ( c) r = 50 ? supply current (ma) 300 360 340 320 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 -40 10 -15 356085 rs-485/422 driver propagation delay vs. temperature (slow) max3160/2 toc19 temperature ( c) time (ns) r = 50 ? rs-485/422 driver propagation (fast, 10mbps) max3160/2 toc20 di 5v/div v y -v z 2v/div 20ns/div rs-485/422 driver propagation (slow, 250kbps) max3160/2 toc21 di 5v/div v y -v z 2v/div 1.0 s/div rs-485/422 receiver propagation (fast, 5mbps) max3160/2 toc22 v y -v z 2v/div ro 2v/div c l = 50pf 40ns/div rs-485/422 driver disable/enable to driver output max3160/2 toc24 de485 2v/div v y - v z 2v/div r = 50 ? c l = 82pf 100ns/div 0 4 2 8 6 12 10 14 01.01.5 0.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 output current vs. receiver output high voltage max3160/2 toc13 output high voltage (v) output current (ma) typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = +3.3v, 250kbps data rate, 0.1f capacitors, all rs-232 transmitters (rs-232 mode) loaded with 3k ? to ground, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted.) -1000 -800 -400 -600 0 200 -200 400 -20 -10 -5 -15 0 5 101520 i-v output impedance curve in rs-232 shutdown mode max3160-a output voltage (v) output current ( a)
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to +5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ pin description pin max3160 max3161 max3162 name function 1 1 1 c1+ positive terminal of the positive flying capacitor 222v cc positive supply voltage 3 3 3 c1- negative terminal of the positive flying capacitor 4 4 4 gnd ground 5 5 t1out rs-232 driver output 5 z(b)/t1out inverting rs-485/422 driver output in full-duplex mode (and inverting rs-485/422 receiver input in half-duplex mode)/rs-232 driver output 6 z inverting rs-485/422 driver output 6 z(b) inverting rs-485/422 driver output in full-duplex mode (and inverting rs-485/422 receiver input in half-duplex mode) 6 y(a)/t2out noninverting rs-485/422 driver output in full-duplex mode (and noninverting rs-485/422 receiver input in half-duplex mode)/rs-232 driver output 7 y noninverting rs-485/422 driver output 7 y(a) noninverting rs-485/422 driver output in full-duplex mode (and noninverting rs-485/422 receiver input in half-duplex mode) 7 9 9 r1out rs-232 receiver output 8 8 t2out rs-232 driver output 810 ro/r2out rs-485/422 receiver output/rs-232 receiver output 91113 shdn active-low shutdown-control input. drive low to shut down transmitters and charge pump. 10 r2out rs-232 driver output 10 12 14 fast select slew rate limiting for both rs-232 and rs- 485/422. slew rate limits with a logic-level low. 11 ro rs-485/422 receiver output 11 13 rs - 485/ rs - 232 software-programmable pin functionality. operates as rs-485/422 with a logic-level high; operates as rs-232 with a logic-level low. 12 re485 rs-485/422 receiver enable. logic-level low enables rs-485/422 receivers. 12 14 hdplx software-programmable pin functionality. operates in full-duplex mode when low; operates in half-duplex mode when high.
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 pin description (continued) pin max3160 max3161 max3162 name function 13 a/r2in noninverting rs-485/422 receiver input/rs-232 receiver input 14 b/r1in inverting rs-485/422 receiver input/rs-232 receiver input 15 re232 rs-232 receiver enable. logic-level low enables rs- 232 receivers. 15 17 a noninverting rs-485/422 receiver input 15 19 de485/t2in rs-485/rs-422 driver enable/rs-232 driver input 16 te232 rs-232 transmitter output enable 16 18 b inverting rs-485/422 receiver input 16 20 di/t1in rs-485/rs-422 driver input/rs-232 driver input 17 19 r2in rs-232 receiver input 17 21 25 v- negative charge-pump rail 18 20 r1in rs-232 receiver input 18 22 26 c2- negative terminal of the negative flying capacitor 19 23 27 c2+ positive terminal of the negative flying capacitor 20 24 28 v+ positive charge-pump rail 21 t2in rs-232 driver input 22 de485 rs-485/rs-422 driver enable 23 di rs-485/rs-422 driver input 24 t1in rs-232 driver input
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 rs-232 outputs logic inputs logic outputs rs-232 inputs c1 c3 c2 c4 shdn hdplx fast rs-485/rs-232 5 6 7 8 12 9 v+ c2+ c2- v- c1- gnd v cc v cc c1+ charge pump t1 t2 r1 r2 c bypass rs-232 mode 11 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 rs-485 outputs logic inputs logic output rs-485 inputs shdn fast rs-485/rs-232 5 6 7 8 v+ c2+ c2- v- c1- gnd v cc v cc c1+ c1 c bypass c2 c3 c4 12 11 9 10 charge pump z y b de a rs-485 mode d half/full duplex r r0 functional diagrams max3160
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 functional diagrams (continued) c1 c bypass c3 c2 c4 24 23 22 21 20 19 16 15 1 2 3 4 rs-485 outputs logic inputs logic output rs-485 inputs shdn fast rs-485/rs-232 5 6 9 10 18 17 7 8 v+ c2+ c2- v- c1- gnd v cc v cc c1+ 14 13 11 12 charge pump z y b de a rs-485 mode d half/full duplex r r0 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 1 2 3 4 rs-232 outputs logic inputs logic outputs rs-232 inputs c1 c3 c2 c4 shdn hdplx fast rs-485/rs-232 5 6 7 8 16 9 v+ c2+ c2- v- c1- gnd v cc v cc c1+ 14 13 11 12 charge pump t1 t2 r1 r2 c bypass rs-232 mode 15 10 max3161
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ te232 re485 r b a z y ro 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 211 1 2 3 4 rs-485 outputs rs-232 output rs-232 output logic outputs rs-232 inputs c1 c3 c2 c4 shdn fast 5 6 7 8 v+ c2+ c2- v- c1- gnd v cc v cc c1+ 16 15 13 14 charge pump t1 t2 r1 r2 20 19 18 17 logic inputs rs-485 inputs 9 10 11 12 d de485 c bypass functional diagrams (continued) max3162 c l c l r diff v od z 3v de485 y di figure 3. rs-485/422 driver timing test circuit 1k ? c l v cc test point receiver output s1 1k ? s2 figure 2. rs-485/422 r eceiver enable/disable timing test load figure 1. rs-485/422 d river dc test load v od v oc r r z y test circuits
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 test circuits (continued) c l v cc output under test s1 s2 500 ? figure 4. rs-485/422 driver enable/disable timing test load di 3v 0 z y v o 0 -v o v o 1.5v t dplh 1/2 v o 10% t dr 90% 90% t dphl 1.5v 1/2 v o 10% t df v diff = v y - v z v diff t dskew = | t dplh - t dphl | output normally low output normally high 3v 0 y, z v ol y, z 0 1.5v 1.5v v ol + 0.5v v oh - 0.5v 2.3v 2.3v t dzl t dlz t dzh t dhz de485 output normally low output normally high 3v 0 v cc ro ro 0 1.5v 1.5v v ol + 0.5v v oh - 0.5v 1.5v 1.5v t rzl t rlz t rzh t rhz re485 figure 5. rs-485/422 driver propagation delays figure 6. rs-485/422 d river enable and disable times v oh v ol a b 1v -1v v cc /2 v cc /2 output input ro t rplh t rphl v id c l a b r ro figure 7. rs-485/422 receiver propagation delays figure 9. rs-485/422 r eceiver propagation delays test circuit figure 8. max3162 rs-485/ 422 r eceiver enable and disable times
max3160/max3161/max3162 detailed description the max3160/max3161/max3162 3v/5v, multiprotocol transceivers can be pin configured in a number of rs- 232 and rs-485/422 interface combinations. these cir- cuit configurations are ideal for the design of rs-232 to rs-485 converters, multiprotocol buses, or any applica- tion that requires both rs-232 and rs-485 transceivers. the slew rate of these devices is on-the-fly pin pro- grammable, allowing reduced emi data rates, or up to 10mbps rs-485 communications. power consumption can be reduced to 1a by using the shutdown function, but the rs-232 receivers remain active allowing other devices to query the interface controller. a flow-through pinout and the space-saving ssop packages (avail- able in the commercial and extended temperature ranges) facilitate board layout. device selection the max3160/max3161/max3162 contain rs-232 transceivers and an rs-485/422 transceiver. the pri- mary difference between the devices is the multiplexing of the i/o pins. the max3160 has common transmitter outputs and receiver inputs for its rs-232 and rs-485/422 trans- ceivers, and common digital i/o pins. the max3160 is optimized for multiprotocol operation on a single inter- face bus and comes in a 20-pin ssop. the max3161 has separate transmitter outputs and receiver inputs for its rs-232 and rs-485/422 trans- ceivers, and common digital i/o pins. the max3161 is optimized for multiplexing a single uart across two interface buses and comes in a 24-pin ssop. the max3162 has separate transmitter outputs and receiver inputs for its rs-232 and rs-485/422 trans- ceivers, and separate digital i/o pins. the max3162 is optimized for protocol translation between two interface buses and comes in a 28-pin ssop. see tables 1 12, functional diagrams , and the follow- ing descriptions for details on each device. max3160 the max3160 is a 2tx/2rx rs-232 transceiver in rs- 232 mode, capable of rs-232-compliant communica- tion. assertion of rs-485/ rs-232 converts the device to a single rs-485 transceiver by multiplexing the rs-232 i/o pins to an rs-485 driver and receiver pair. the logic inputs now control the driver input and the driver enable. one logic output carries the rs-485 receiver output, and the other is three-stated. the receiver input impedance is dependent on the device mode and is 1/4-unit load for rs-485 operation and 5k ? for rs-232 operation. max3161 the max3161 is a 2tx/2rx rs-232 transceiver in rs- 232 mode or a single rs-485/422 transceiver in rs-485 mode. when in rs-485 mode, the unused rs-232 transmitter and receiver output pins are disabled. when in rs-232 mode, the rs-485 transmitter outputs are disabled and the rs-232 receiver inputs are 5k ? to gnd. the rs-485 receiver inputs are always 1/8-unit load. logic lines are shared between the two protocols and are used for signal inputs and as an rs-485 driver enable. max3162 the max3162 is a 2tx/2rx rs-232 transceiver and a single rs-485/422 transceiver simultaneously. all dri- vers, receivers, and transmitters can be enabled or dis- abled by pin configuration. all outputs are high-z when not activated. rs-232 receiver inputs are 5k ? when enabled, and rs-485 receiver inputs are 1/8-unit load. fast mode operation the fast control pin is used to select the slew-rate lim- iting of the rs-232 transmitters and the rs-485/422 dri- vers. with fast unasserted, the rs-232 transmitters and the rs-485/422 driver are slew-rate limited to reduce emi. rs-232 data rates up to 1mbps and rs- 485/422 data rates up to 10mbps are possible when fast is asserted. fast can be changed during opera- tion without interrupting data communications. half-duplex rs-485/422 operation asserting hdplx places the max3160/max3161 in half-duplex mode. the rs-485 receiver inputs are inter- nally connected to the driver outputs. the rs-485 dri- ver outputs can be disabled by pulling de485 low. hdplx has no affect on rs-232 operation. low-power shutdown the max3160/max3161/max3162 have an active-low shutdown control input, shdn . when driven low, the charge pump and transmitters are shut down and sup- ply current is reduced to 1a. the rs-232 receiver out- puts remain active if in rs-232 mode. the charge- pump capacitors must be recharged when coming out of shutdown before resuming operation in either rs-232 or rs-485/422 mode (figure 10). dual charge-pump voltage converter the max3160/max3161/max3162s internal power sup- ply consists of a regulated dual charge pump that pro- vides output voltages of +5.5v (doubling charge pump) and -5.5v (inverting charge pump) for input voltages (v cc ) over the 3.0v to 5.5v range. the charge pumps operate in a discontinuous mode: if the magnitude of either output voltage is less than 5.5v, the charge pumps +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 are enabled; if the magnitude of both output voltages exceeds 5.5v, the charge pumps are disabled. each charge pump requires a flying capacitor (c1, c2) and a reservoir capacitor (c3, c4) to generate the v+ and v- supplies (see functional diagrams). rs-485/422 transceivers the max3160/max3161/max3162 rs-485/422 trans- ceivers feature fail-safe circuitry that guarantees a logic-high receiver output when the receiver inputs are open or shorted, or when they are connected to a ter- minated transmission line with all drivers disabled (see fail-safe ). the max3160/max3161/max3162 also fea- ture pin-selectable reduced slew-rate drivers that mini- mize emi and reduce reflections caused by improperly terminated cables, allowing error-free data transmission up to 250kbps (see reduced emi and reflection s). the transmitters may operate at speeds up to 10mbps with the slew-rate limiting disabled. drivers are short-circuit current limited and thermally limited to protect them against excessive power dissipation. half-duplex com- munication is enabled by driving hdplx high. fail-safe the max3160/max3161/max3162 guarantee a logic- high rs-485 receiver output when the receiver inputs are shorted or open, or when they are connected to a terminated transmission line with all drivers disabled. this is done by having the receiver threshold between -50mv and -200mv. if the differential receiver input volt- age (a-b) is greater than or equal to -50mv, ro is logic high. if a-b is less than or equal to -200mv, ro is logic low. in the case of a terminated bus with all transmitters disabled, the receiver s differential input voltage is pulled to gnd by the termination. this results in a logic high with a 50mv minimum noise margin. unlike other fail-safe devices, the -50mv to -200mv threshold com- plies with the 200mv eia/tia-485 standard. rs-232 transceivers the max3160/max3161/max3162 rs-232 transmitters are inverting-level translators that convert cmos-logic levels to 5.0v eia/tia-232-compliant levels. the trans- mitters are guaranteed at a 250kbps data rate in slew- rate limited mode (fast = gnd) with worst-case loads of 3k ? in parallel with 1000pf. data rates up to 1mbps can be achieved by asserting fast. when powered down or in shutdown, the max3160/ max3161/max3162 outputs are high impedance and can be driven to 12v. the transmitter inputs do not have pullup resistors. connect unused inputs to ground or v cc . the receivers convert rs-232 signals to cmos-logic out- put levels. all receivers have inverting outputs that remain active in shutdown. the max3160/max3161/ max3162 permit their receiver inputs to be driven to 25v. floating receiver input signals are pulled to ground through internal 5k ? resistors, forcing the out- puts to a logic high. the max3162 has transmitter and receiver enable pins that allow its outputs to be three- stated. applications information capacitor selection the capacitor type used for c1 c4 is not critical for proper operation; polarized or nonpolarized capacitors can be used. ceramic chip capacitors with an x7r dielectric provide the best combination of performance, cost, and size. the charge pump requires 0.1f capacitors for 3.3v operation. for other supply volt- ages, see table 13 for required capacitor values. do not use values smaller than those listed in table 13. increasing the capacitor values reduces ripple on the transmitter outputs and slightly reduces power con- sumption. c2, c3, and c4 can be changed without changing c1 s value. however, do not increase c1 without also increasing the values of c2, c3, c4, and cbypass to maintain the proper ratios to the other capacitors. when using the minimum required capacitor values, make sure the capacitance value does not degrade excessively with temperature or voltage. this is typical of y5v and z5u dielectric ceramic capacitors. if in doubt, use capacitors with a larger nominal value. the capacitor s equivalent series resistance (esr), which usually rises at low temperatures, influences the amount of ripple on v+ and v-. power-supply decoupling in applications that are sensitive to power-supply noise, decouple v cc to ground with a capacitor of the same value as reservoir capacitors c2, c3, and c4. connect the bypass capacitor as close to the ic as possible. rs-232 transmitter outputs when exiting shutdown figure 10 shows two transmitter outputs when exiting shutdown mode. as they become active, the two trans- mitter outputs are shown going to opposite rs-232 lev- els (one transmitter input is high, the other is low). each transmitter is loaded with 3k ? in parallel with 1000pf. the transmitter outputs display no ringing or undesir- able transients as they come out of shutdown. note that the transmitters are enabled only when v- exceeds approximately -3v.
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 16 ______________________________________________________________________________________ high data rates the max3160/max3161/max3162 maintain the rs-232 5.0v required minimum transmitter output voltage even at high data rates. figure 11 shows a transmitter loop- back test circuit. figure 12 shows a loopback test result at 250kbps, and figure 13 shows the same test at 1000kbps. figure 12 demonstrates a single slew-rate limited transmitter driven at 250kbps (fast = gnd) into an rs-232 load in parallel with 1000pf. figure 13 shows a single transmitter driven at 1mbps (fast asserted), loaded with an rs-232 receiver in parallel with 1000pf. these transceivers maintain the rs-232 5.0v minimum transmitter output voltage at data rates up to 1mbps. 256 transceivers on the bus the standard rs-485 receiver input impedance is 12k ? (one-unit load), and the standard driver can drive up to 32-unit loads. the max3160 has a 1/4-unit load rsccc inputs outputs shdn rs-485/ di/t1in, de485/t2in z(b)/t1out, y(a)/t2out 0 x x 1/8-unit load 10 0 1 10 1 0 1 1 x rs-485 mode -232 table 1. max3160 inputs outputs shdn rs-485/ di/t1in, de485/t2in t1out, t2out 0 x x high-z 10 0 1 10 1 0 1 1 x high-z rsccc -232 table 2. max3161 inputs outputs shdn te232 t1in,t2in t1out, t2out 0 x x high-z x 0 x high-z 11 0 1 11 1 0 table 3. max3162 inputs outputs shdn rs-485/ rs-232 b/r1in, a/r2in r1out, ro/r2out x0 0 1 x0 1 0 x 0 inputs open 1 x1 x r1out high-z, ro/r2out in rs-485 mode table 4. max3160 inputs outputs shdn rs-485/ r1in, r2in r1out, ro/r2out x0 0 1 x0 1 0 x 0 inputs open 1 x1 x r1out high-z, ro/r2out in rs-485 mode rsccc -232 table 5. max3161 rs-232 transmitters inputs outputs shdn r1in,r2in r1out, r2out x 1 x high-z x0 0 1 x0 1 0 x 0 inputs open 1 rsccc -232 table 6. max3162 rs-232 receivers truth tables
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 inputs outputs shdn rs-485/rs-232 de485/t2in di/t1in z(b)/t1out y(a)/t2out 0 x x x 1/8-unit load 1/8-unit load 1 1 0 x 1/8-unit load 1/8-unit load 1110 1 0 1111 0 1 x 0 x x rs-232 mode table 7. max3160 inputs outputs shdn rs-485/rs-232 de485/t2in di/t1in z(b) y(a) 0 x x x 1/8-unit load 1/8-unit load x 0 x x 1/8-unit load 1/8-unit load x x 0 x 1/8-unit load 1/8-unit load 1110 1 0 1111 0 1 table 8. max3161 inputs outputs shdn de485 di z y 0 x x high-z high-z x 0 x high-z high-z 110 1 0 111 0 1 table 9. max3162 inputs output rs-485/rs-232 shdn hdplx (a - b)* (y - z)* ro/r2out 1 0 x x x high-z up to v cc 110 -50mv x 1 110 -200mv x 0 1 1 0 floating x 1 111x -50mv 1 111x -200mv 0 1 1 1 x floating 1 0 x x x x rs-232 mode table 10. max3160 * y and z correspond to pins y(a)/t2out and z(b)/t1out. a and b correspond to pins a/r2in and b/r1in. truth tables (continued) rs-485/422 receivers rs-485/422 drivers
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 18 ______________________________________________________________________________________ receiver input impedance (48k ? ), allowing up to 128 transceivers to be connected in parallel on one com- munication line. the max3161/max3162 have a 1/8- unit load receiver input impedance (96k ? ), allowing up to 256 transceivers to be connected in parallel on one communication line. any combination of these devices and/or other rs-485 transceivers with a total of 32-unit loads or fewer can be connected to the line. the max3160/max3161/max3162 rs-485 driver out- puts are 1/8-unit load when disabled. this impedance may be reduced if the d1 pin is toggled at a high fre- quency. with no power applied (v cc = gnd), the rs- 485 transmitter output impedances typically go to 1/2- unit load on the max3161/max3162, and to one-unit load on the max3160. driver output protection two mechanisms prevent excessive output current and power dissipation caused by faults or by bus con- tention. the first, a foldback current limit on the output stage, provides immediate protection against short cir- cuits over the whole common-mode voltage range (see typical operating characteristics ). the second, a ther- mal shutdown circuit, forces the driver outputs into a high-impedance state if the die temperature becomes excessive. protection against wiring faults eia/tia-485 standards require a common input voltage range of -7v to +12v to prevent damage to the device. the max3160/max3161/max3162 inputs are protected to rs-232 levels of 25v for the receiver inputs and 13.2v for the transmitter/driver outputs. this provides additional protection for the rs-485 transceivers against ground differential or faults due to miswiring. rs-485/422 reduced emi and reflections the max3160/max3161/max3162 can be configured for slew-rate limiting by pulling fast low. this minimizes emi and reduces reflections caused by improperly ter- minated cables. operation in slew-rate limited mode reduces the amplitudes of high-frequency harmonics. supply voltage (v) c1 ( f) c2, c3, c4, cbypass ( f) +3.0 to +3.6 0.1 0.1 +4.5 to +5.5 0.047 0.33 +3.0 to +5.5 0.1 0.47 table 13. required minimum capacitance values inputs output rs-485/rs-232 shdn hdplx a - b y(a) - z(b) ro/r2out 1 0 x x x high-z up to v cc 110 -50mv x 1 110 -200mv x 0 1 1 0 floating x 1 111x -50mv 1 111x -200mv 0 1 1 1 x floating 1 0 x x x x rs-232 mode table 11. max3161 inputs output shdn re485 a - b ro 0 x x high-z x 1 x high-z 1 0 -50mv 1 1 0 -200mv 0 1 0 inputs open 1 table 12. max3162 truth tables (continued)
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19 rs-485/422 line length vs. data length the rs-485/422 standard covers line lengths up to 4000 feet. for line lengths greater than 4000 feet, use the repeater application shown in figure 14. rs-232/rs-485 protocol translator figure 15 shows the max3162 configured as an rs- 232/rs-485 protocol translator. the direction of transla- tion is controlled through the rts signal (r1in). the single-ended rs-232 receiver input signal is translated to a differential rs-485 transmitter output. similarly, a differential rs-485 receiver input signal is translated to a single-ended rs-232 transmitter output. rs-232 data received on r 2in is transmitted as an rs-485 signal on z and y. rs-485 signals received on a and b are trans- mitted as an rs-232 signal on t 1out . m ultiprotocol bus the typical operating circuit shows a standard appli- cation for the max3160. the max3160 s output pins are multiplexed between rs-232 and rs-485 protocols by a microprocessor (p). the p also directs the shut- down functions, enable lines, and the duplex of the max3160. data is transmitted to the max3100 uart through an spi port. the uart asynchronously transfers data through the max3160 to the pin-selected rs-232 or rs-485 protocol; see table 14 for commonly used cable connections. spi is a trademark of motorola, inc. max 3160-2 fig10 t1out 2v/div shdn 5v/division t2out 2v/div gnd 40 s/div figure 10. max3160 rs-232 transmitter outputs when exiting shutdown max 3160-2 fig12 t out 5v/div r out t in 1 s/div figure 12. rs-232 loopback test result at 250kbps, fast = low max 3160-2 fig13 t in t out 5v/div r out 200ns/div figure 13. rs-232 loopback test result at 1000kbps, fast = high max3160 max3161 max3162 5k ? r_ in r_ out c2- c2+ c1- c1+ v- v+ v cc c4 c3 c1 c2 v cc c bypass shdn t_ out t_ in gnd v cc 1000pf figure 11. loopback test circuit
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 20 ______________________________________________________________________________________ multiprotocol bus multiplexer the typical application circuit shows the max3161 con- figured as a multiprotocol bus multiplexer. the max3161 separates the rs-232 and rs-485 lines, but shares the logic pins between modes. this application allows the p to monitor a point-to-point rs-232 bus, and a mul- tidrop rs-485 interface. the max3100 uart asynchro- nously transfers data through the max3161 to the pin-selected rs-232 or rs-485 protocol. a b z d data out data in r di de485 re485 ro y 120 ? 120 ? note: re485 on max3162 only max3160 max3161 max3162 figure 14. rs-485 line repeater max3162 r1out ro re485 te485 a b z y v- r1in re232 te232 fast v+ t1out c2- c2+ c1- c1+ v cc t1in r2out di r2in gnd 23 22 13 5 10 23 19 20 15 16 14 28 25 7 6 18 17 22 12 9 11 24 3 1 c1 100nf c2 100nf rcv tx rts c3 100nf c4 100nf 2 3.3v c bypass 100nf shdn figure 15. protocol translator
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 21 + tx v cc hdplx di/t1in t1out r1out r1in de/t2in gnd fast shdn t2out ro/r2out r2in rx rts cts 13 rs-485/rs-232 12 11 10 19 8 10 17 9 18 y(a) rs-485 z(b) 7 6 412 20 5 rj45 db9 rs-232 shdn p max3100 214 uart max3161 spi 1 typical application circuit pin number eia/tia-232 standard connector pin max3160 max3161 max3162 equivalent max3160 max3161 max3162 function (as seen by dte) dcd 1 data carrier detect rd 2 r2in 13 17 19 received data td 3 t1out 5 5 5 transmitted data dtr 4 data terminal ready sg 5 gnd 4 4 4 signal ground dsr 6 data set ready rts 7 t2out 6 8 8 req uest to send ( = d te ready) cts 8 r1in 14 18 20 clear to send (= dce ready) ri 9 ring indicator table 14. cable connections commonly used for tia/eia-232 and v.24 asynchronous interfaces
max3160/max3161/max3162 +3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers 22 ______________________________________________________________________________________ pin configurations 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 v+ c2+ c2- v- gnd c1- v cc c1+ top view di/t1in de485/t2in b/r1in a/r2in ro/r2out r1out y(a)/t2out z(b)/t1out 12 11 9 10 hdplx fast max3160 ssop rs-485/rs-232 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 v+ c2+ c2- v- gnd c1- v cc c1+ di/t1in de485/t2in r1in r2in t2out y(a) z(b) t1out 16 15 14 13 9 10 11 12 b a hdplx rs-485/rs-232 fast ro/r2out r1out ssop max3161 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 v+ c2+ c2- v- t1in di re232 de485 t2in r1in r2in b a te232 fast shdn re485 ro r2out r1out t2out y z t1out gnd c1- v cc c1+ ssop max3162 shdn shdn part dual mode flow- through pinout rs-485 input unit loads max3160 no yes 1/4 max3161 no no 1/8 max3162 yes yes 1/8 selector guide chip information transistor count: 1580
+3.0v to+5.5v, 1a, rs-232/rs-485/422 multiprotocol transceivers max3160/max3161/max3162 maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circu it patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 23 ? 2000 maxim integrated products printed usa is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products. package information ssop.eps

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